Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disorder that results in the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). It is classified according to the temperature at which it occurs, with warm AIHA occurring at body temperature. The cause of warm AIHA is not known, but it is thought to be due to an immune response that results in autoantibodies being produced against the red blood cells, leading to their destruction.
Classification of Warm AIHA
Warm AIHA is classified into two main types: primary and secondary. Primary warm AIHA is an autoimmune disorder in which the body produces antibodies against its own red blood cells. Secondary warm AIHA occurs when the body is exposed to a foreign substance, such as a medication or an infection, which triggers the production of autoantibodies.
Diagnosis of Warm AIHA
The diagnosis of warm AIHA is based on the history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A complete blood count (CBC) is used to assess the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels. In addition, other tests such as a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and a Coombs test may be used to detect the presence of autoantibodies.
Treatment of Warm AIHA
The treatment of warm AIHA is dependent on the severity of the disorder and the underlying cause. Treatment may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In addition, other therapies such as splenectomy or photopheresis may be used in severe cases.