Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Influenza virus tests are used to diagnose a person's infection and determine the type of virus causing the illness. In this article, we will discuss how the influenza virus test is done, what types of tests are available, and how the results are interpreted.
Types of Influenza Virus Tests
The most common type of influenza virus test is the rapid antigen test. This test detects the presence of proteins on the surface of the influenza virus. It is an easy and quick way to diagnose the illness. Other types of influenza virus tests include reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, viral culture, and serology tests.
Rapid Antigen Test
The rapid antigen test is the most commonly used test to diagnose influenza. It is a simple and quick test that requires a nasal or throat swab to collect a sample from the patient. The sample is then tested for the presence of proteins on the surface of the virus. If the proteins are present, it indicates that the patient is infected with influenza. Results are usually available within 15 minutes.
Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Test
The RT-PCR test is a more sensitive test for diagnosing influenza. It can detect the genetic material of the virus in the sample. This test is more accurate than the rapid antigen test and can detect the virus even if it is present in very small amounts. The RT-PCR test requires a sample of nasal or throat secretions and the results are usually available within a few hours.
Viral Culture
The viral culture test is used to identify the type of influenza virus present. It involves taking a sample of nasal or throat secretions and growing the virus in a laboratory. This test is used to confirm a diagnosis and it can take several days to get the results.
Serology Test
The serology test is used to determine if a person has been exposed to the influenza virus in the past. This test looks for antibodies in the blood that are produced in response to the virus. This test can be used to diagnose a current infection or to determine if a person has been exposed to the virus in the past.
Interpreting the Results
The results of the influenza virus test should be interpreted by a healthcare professional. The results of the rapid antigen test are usually available within 15 minutes, while the results of the RT-PCR test, viral culture, and serology tests can take several hours or days. It is important to discuss the results of the test with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.