Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by periods of shallow or paused breathing during sleep. OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, meaning that people with OSA are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases than those without the disorder. This is because OSA can cause long-term, chronic changes in the body.
Specifically, when breathing is constantly interrupted due to OSA, it can lead to an increase in the body’s stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. The increased levels of these hormones can create a state of chronic stress in the body, leading to increased blood pressure, inflammation, and an increased risk of atherosclerosis – a hardening of the arteries. OSA can also lead to a decrease in oxygen levels, which can further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Studies have also shown that OSA can lead to an increased risk of stroke and heart failure. This is because the recurrent pauses in breathing can cause abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation, which is a major risk factor for stroke. In addition, OSA can cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs, leading to an increased risk of fluid buildup around the heart, which can lead to heart failure.
Finally, OSA can also lead to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This is because the frequent pauses in breathing can cause intermittent hypoxia, which can disrupt the body’s glucose metabolism. This disruption can lead to insulin resistance, which is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Overall, OSA is a serious disorder that can lead to long-term, chronic changes in the body, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart failure, and type 2 diabetes. It is important to be aware of the risks and seek medical attention if you think you may have OSA.