Hyperlipidaemia is a condition in which the level of lipids (fats) in the blood is abnormally high. It is a risk factor for the development of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Hyperlipidaemia is usually diagnosed through a series of tests that measure the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids in the blood.
Blood Tests to Diagnose Hyperlipidaemia
The most common test used to diagnose hyperlipidaemia is a lipid profile or lipid panel. This test measures the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids in the blood. It is usually done after a 12-hour fast and can provide a snapshot of the types of lipids that are present in the bloodstream.
Cholesterol is the most commonly measured lipid in the lipid panel. It is divided into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is sometimes referred to as “bad” cholesterol, as it contributes to the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries. HDL cholesterol, sometimes referred to as “good” cholesterol, helps to remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides are the most common type of lipid found in the blood and are usually measured in the lipid panel. Triglycerides are a type of fat that is found in the bloodstream and is used for energy by the body. High levels of triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease.
Lipoprotein(a) is a type of protein that is found in the blood and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Lipoprotein(a) is usually measured in the lipid panel.
Additional Tests to Diagnose Hyperlipidaemia
In addition to a lipid profile, other tests may be done to diagnose hyperlipidaemia. These include tests to measure levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and lipoprotein a (Lp(a)). These tests may be done if the doctor suspects that the patient has an inherited form of hyperlipidaemia.
Conclusion
Hyperlipidaemia is usually diagnosed through a series of tests that measure the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids in the blood. Additional tests may be done to diagnose inherited forms of hyperlipidaemia. Treatment for hyperlipidaemia may include lifestyle changes, such as exercising and eating a healthy diet, or medication.