Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in children. It is caused by damage to the brain that occurs before, during, or after birth. Cerebral palsy is usually diagnosed in babies and young children, but it can also be diagnosed in older children and adults.
Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy in Babies
In newborns, cerebral palsy can be difficult to recognize. The signs and symptoms of CP can vary greatly from one child to another, and they may not be noticeable until later in life. However, there are certain signs and symptoms that may indicate CP in babies. These include:
• Delay in meeting developmental milestones, such as rolling over, sitting up, walking, or talking.
• Low or high muscle tone. Low muscle tone (hypotonia) can cause floppy limbs and slow movements. High muscle tone (hypertonia) can cause stiff limbs and jerky movements.
• Abnormal posture. This may include a curved spine, a tilted head, or one shoulder higher than the other.
• Abnormal reflexes. This can include exaggerated reflexes, such as a palm that closes tightly when touched, or absent reflexes, such as the lack of a normal startle reflex when a baby is startled by a loud sound.
• Lack of coordination. This can lead to difficulty with fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning a shirt.
• Abnormal gait. This can include a wide-based gait (walking with feet far apart) or a toe-walking gait (walking on the toes).
Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy in Babies
If a baby displays signs or symptoms of cerebral palsy, a doctor may order a variety of tests to make a diagnosis. These tests may include:
• MRI or CT scans. These tests can help to identify any brain damage that may have occurred before, during, or after birth.
• Ultrasound. This test can be used to examine the structure of the brain and can help to identify any birth-related brain injuries.
• Muscle and reflex tests. These tests can help to identify any areas of low or high muscle tone, as well as any abnormal reflexes.
• Developmental tests. These tests can help to identify any delays in the baby's development, such as delays in reaching certain milestones.
Treating Cerebral Palsy in Babies
Once a baby has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy, treatment options can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Treatment may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and medications. Surgery may also be an option for some children. The goal of treatment is to help the child reach their fullest potential and to improve their quality of life.