Capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is an inflammatory condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the shoulder capsule, which is the protective layer of tissue surrounding the shoulder joint, becomes inflamed and thickened.
Capsulitis is caused by a number of factors, including trauma, overuse, surgery, and medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease, and stroke. It can also be caused by a lack of movement in the shoulder joint, such as immobilization after an injury or surgery. This lack of movement causes the shoulder capsule to become stiff and thickened, leading to pain and reduced range of motion.
In some cases, the exact cause of capsulitis is unknown. It is believed to be related to the body's natural healing process, in which the body attempts to protect the shoulder joint from further damage by producing excess scar tissue. This scar tissue can restrict movement in the joint, leading to pain and stiffness.
Because capsulitis is caused by a variety of factors, treatment often includes a combination of physical therapy, rest, medications, and lifestyle changes. Physical therapy can help to improve range of motion in the shoulder joint and reduce pain. Rest, medications, and lifestyle changes can help control inflammation and reduce pain. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the shoulder capsule and restore normal movement.