Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which the body's immune system attacks liver cells, leading to inflammation and eventually cirrhosis. It is a serious condition that can lead to liver failure if left untreated. Confirmation of autoimmune hepatitis requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histologic findings.
Clinically, patients may present with fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, and an enlarged liver. Diagnosis is made by a physical examination and a medical history, as well as by ruling out other causes for the symptoms.
Laboratory tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis. These tests include a complete blood count, blood chemistry, liver enzyme tests, and tests for antinuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies. Elevated levels of these antibodies can indicate autoimmune hepatitis.
Finally, a liver biopsy may be performed to confirm diagnosis. During the biopsy, a small sample of liver tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for evidence of inflammation and damage to the liver cells.
In summary, autoimmune hepatitis is confirmed through a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histologic findings. The diagnosis is made after ruling out other causes for the patient’s symptoms and through tests for specific antibodies that are associated with autoimmune hepatitis. Finally, a liver biopsy may be performed to confirm diagnosis.
