Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic, progressive liver disease caused by an immune system attack against the liver cells. This disease can cause inflammation and scarring of the liver, leading to complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer.
One of the most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis is an elevation of liver enzymes, or transaminases. These enzymes, which are produced by the liver, are responsible for breaking down proteins and other molecules in the body. When the liver cells become damaged, the liver is unable to produce enough enzymes to keep up with the body’s metabolic needs, resulting in an elevation of liver enzymes in the blood.
The exact level of elevation of liver enzymes in autoimmune hepatitis varies from person to person, but it is typically higher than in other forms of liver disease. For example, in healthy individuals, the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is typically less than 40 units per liter (U/L). In individuals with autoimmune hepatitis, however, ALT levels may be as high as 800 U/L or higher. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is also typically elevated in autoimmune hepatitis, usually to a level of 200 U/L or higher.
In addition to elevated liver enzymes, other common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and nausea. If left untreated, autoimmune hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis. Your doctor can order tests to measure your liver enzyme levels and determine the best course of treatment for you.