Vertigo is a medical condition that is characterized by a feeling of spinning or swaying, even when the person is standing still. This condition is caused by a disruption in the normal functioning of the inner ear, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. While vertigo can be caused by a variety of conditions, it is most commonly associated with a condition known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a condition that causes recurrent episodes of vertigo in response to changes in the position of the head. This can include turning the head, looking up or down, lying down, or rolling over in bed. BPPV occurs when tiny crystals of calcium carbonate become displaced from the inner ear and accumulate in one of the three semicircular canals. These crystals can then cause the inner ear to send false signals to the brain, leading to a sensation of dizziness or spinning.
What are the Symptoms of Vertigo?
The symptoms of vertigo can vary from person to person, but may include: a feeling of spinning or swaying, nausea and vomiting, difficulty walking or standing, lightheadedness, blurred vision, and ringing in the ears. Symptoms may last from seconds to minutes, or they may persist for hours or days.
What are the Causes of Vertigo?
The exact cause of vertigo can vary, but it is most commonly caused by BPPV. Other causes of vertigo may include ear infections, head injuries, migraines, multiple sclerosis, and certain medications. In some cases, the cause of vertigo may not be known.
How is Vertigo Treated?
Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause. For BPPV, the most common treatment is a technique known as the Epley maneuver, which helps to reposition the displaced crystals in the inner ear. Other treatments may include medications, balance therapy, and vestibular rehabilitation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.