Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that can be transmitted through body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. It is most commonly spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles, and, in some cases, from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
When it comes to sexual transmission, HIV is spread when the virus is present in one partner’s body fluids and comes into contact with another partner’s mucous membranes (mouth, rectum, vagina, or urethra). The virus can also be spread through contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or syringes for injecting drugs or for tattooing or body piercing.
In rare cases, HIV can also be spread through contact with other body fluids, such as saliva, tears, or sweat, though this is much less likely. HIV is not spread through everyday contact, such as touching, holding, or kissing someone who is infected.
When it comes to mother-to-child transmission, HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This is particularly likely if the mother is not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat her HIV infection.
HIV is a serious infection, and it is important to take precautions to help prevent transmission. This includes using condoms every time you have sex, avoiding sharing needles or syringes, and, if you are pregnant, making sure that you receive the appropriate treatment and care.