Ascaris lumbricoides, also known as the large roundworm, is one of the most common human parasites and is responsible for a global disease known as Ascariasis. It is spread through the fecal-oral route and can infect people of any age.
The primary source of infection is ingesting eggs of the parasite, which can be found in contaminated food or water. These eggs are resistant to environmental conditions and can survive for up to one year in soil or water. The eggs are then ingested by humans and hatch in the small intestine, where the larvae migrate to the lungs and are coughed up and swallowed, eventually maturing into adult worms in the small intestine.
Once inside the small intestine, the adult worms produce eggs which are then passed out of the body through the feces, and the cycle begins again. Poor hygiene and sanitation practices, such as inadequate handwashing after using the toilet, can also contribute to the spread of infection as the eggs can easily spread to other surfaces and people.
Ascaris lumbricoides can cause serious health complications such as intestinal obstruction, malnutrition, and even death if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to take preventive measures to reduce the spread of the infection. Proper handwashing and sanitation practices, avoiding consumption of contaminated food and water, and regular deworming are some of the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of infection.