Aortic aneurysm is a condition in which the aorta, the largest artery in the body, swells or enlarges due to weakened walls of the artery. This condition can occur in any part of the aorta, but most commonly occurs in the abdominal aorta.
Aneurysms typically start with damage to the inner layer of the aorta, which is known as the intima. This damage can be caused by a number of factors, including high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or a genetic predisposition. High blood pressure can cause damage to the intima and weaken the artery wall, leading to an aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis, or a hardening of the arteries, can also damage the intima and weaken the artery wall, leading to an aneurysm.
In addition, certain genetic conditions can predispose an individual to an aortic aneurysm. Marfan Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome are all genetic conditions that can increase one’s risk of developing an aortic aneurysm.
Once the intima has been damaged, the pressure of the blood flowing through the aorta can cause the artery wall to become weakened and begin to bulge. Over time, the bulge can become larger and can potentially rupture, leading to a life-threatening situation. It is important to monitor for signs of an aortic aneurysm, such as abdominal pain, back pain, or an abdominal mass, and seek medical attention if any of these symptoms are present.