Anorexia Nervosa, commonly known as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's body. Though it is most common among adolescent girls and young adult women, it can affect people of any age, gender, or background.
Causes of Anorexia Nervosa
The exact cause of anorexia is not fully understood. However, research has found that a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors may contribute to the development of this condition.
Biological Factors
Research suggests that genetic and hormonal factors may increase one's vulnerability to developing anorexia. For example, those with a family history of anorexia may be more likely to develop the disorder. Additionally, certain hormonal imbalances, such as an abnormally low level of serotonin in the brain, may influence the development of anorexia.
Psychological Factors
Studies have found that people with anorexia often have difficulty managing their emotions and tend to have low self-esteem. They may also have an intense fear of becoming overweight and view their body negatively. They may be perfectionists and have difficulty expressing their emotions.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors, such as peer pressure and cultural influences, may also contribute to the development of anorexia. For example, people may feel pressure to be thin or to live up to certain beauty standards. Additionally, media images of thin models may contribute to negative body image.
Risk Factors for Anorexia Nervosa
Certain factors may increase one's risk of developing anorexia. These include:
• Female gender
• Being between the ages of 11 and 20
• Having a family history of eating disorders
• Participation in certain activities, such as athletics or modeling
• Having a history of depression, anxiety, or other mental health conditions
• Having a history of dieting or disordered eating behaviors
Signs and Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
The signs and symptoms of anorexia vary. However, the primary symptom is a significant, and often extreme, restriction of food intake. Other signs and symptoms may include:
• Intense fear of gaining weight
• Distorted perception of body size
• Excessive exercise
• Loss of menstrual periods
• Fainting
• Dry skin
• Fatigue
• Low blood pressure
• Hair loss
• Constipation
• Abdominal pain
If you or someone you know is exhibiting some of these signs and symptoms, please seek help from a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Anorexia is a serious condition that can have long-term physical and psychological consequences. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of serious complications.