A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract. In children, UTIs are most often caused by bacteria from the bowel that spread to the urinary tract. While UTIs can affect people of any age, they are more common in children than adults.
Causes of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs in children. The bacteria can come from the child's own stool, or it can be from another person. The bacteria can enter the urinary tract through the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine out of the body. The bacteria can travel up the urethra and into the bladder, causing an infection.
Other possible causes of UTIs in children include not urinating enough, not wiping correctly after going to the bathroom, and holding urine for too long. In some cases, a structural abnormality in the urinary tract can also cause a UTI.
Risk Factors for UTIs in Children
Children who are not toilet trained, are not circumcised, or do not drink enough fluids are at a higher risk for developing a UTI. In addition, girls are more likely to get UTIs than boys, due to their shorter urethra.
Signs and Symptoms of UTIs in Children
The most common symptom of a UTI in children is pain or burning during urination. Other signs and symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and/or a frequent need to urinate.
Diagnosis of UTIs in Children
If your child has symptoms of a UTI, they should be taken to a doctor. The doctor will likely do a physical exam and take a urine sample. The urine sample will be tested for the presence of bacteria and other substances that can indicate an infection.
Treatment of UTIs in Children
If the diagnosis is a UTI, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. It is important that the full course of antibiotics is taken as prescribed. If the infection is not treated properly, it can lead to serious complications.
Preventing UTIs in Children
There are a few steps that can be taken to help prevent UTIs in children. First, encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids. This will help flush out any bacteria that may be present in the urinary tract. In addition, make sure your child is wiping properly after going to the bathroom and that they are urinating regularly. Finally, if your child is a girl, encourage them to wipe from front to back to avoid bacteria from the anal area entering the urethra.