The treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis depends on the severity and location of the clot. In general, treatment involves the use of anticoagulant medications, such as heparin, warfarin, or newer agents like fondaparinux, to prevent the clot from growing larger and to prevent new clots from forming. In some cases, clot-dissolving medications, such as tissue plasminogen activator, may be used to break up existing clots.
If the thrombosis is in an accessible vein, such as in the leg, catheters may be inserted to guide clot-dissolving drugs to the affected area.
In cases of arterial thrombosis, a procedure called angioplasty may be performed. This procedure involves using balloons and stents to open blocked arteries and restore normal blood flow.
If a vein is completely blocked, a surgical procedure called a thrombectomy may be necessary. During a thrombectomy, the clot is removed from the vein and the vein is repaired.
In severe cases of arterial or venous thrombosis, a patient may need to undergo amputation of the affected limb. This is done to prevent further blockage of blood flow and to prevent the spread of the clot to other parts of the body.
Finally, lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular exercise, may be recommended to reduce the risk of thrombosis.