The first step to determining if a chest infection is viral or bacterial is to visit a doctor. A doctor can perform a physical exam and listen to the chest with a stethoscope to detect any crackles or wheezing, which can indicate a bacterial infection. A chest X-ray may also be necessary to rule out pneumonia.
Lab Tests
If a bacterial infection is suspected, a lab test may be required to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. A sample of mucus from the chest may be taken and sent to a laboratory for testing. Based on the results, the doctor can determine the best course of treatment.
Symptoms
Viral chest infections usually cause milder symptoms than bacterial infections. Symptoms of a viral chest infection may include a dry cough, sore throat, fever, runny nose, and body aches. Bacterial chest infections can cause more severe symptoms, such as a wet, productive cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
Treatment
Viral chest infections usually do not require treatment with antibiotics and can be managed with rest and over-the-counter medications to reduce symptoms. Bacterial chest infections, however, may require antibiotic treatment to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.