Chiari malformation is a structural defect at the base of the brain and is caused by the lower part of the cerebellum extending deeper into the spinal canal than it should. It can affect the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to a buildup of pressure in the skull.
The treatment for Chiari malformation depends on the severity of the condition, and can range from observation and lifestyle changes to surgery.
For mild cases, lifestyle changes such as avoiding activities that put pressure on the head and neck, as well as taking medications to reduce pain and swelling, may be recommended. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reduce the pressure in the skull and improve the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Surgery for Chiari malformation typically involves creating more space for the cerebellum by removing a portion of the skull bone. This is known as a decompression surgery, and it can be done either in the front or in the back of the skull. The goal of the surgery is to reduce the pressure in the skull and create more space for the cerebellum.
In some cases, doctors may also recommend additional surgery to reconstruct the spine or to reposition the brainstem. This is known as a posterior fossa decompression surgery, and it involves creating more space in the spinal canal for the cerebellum and brainstem.
In addition to surgery, physical and occupational therapy may be recommended to help improve balance, coordination, and strength. It is important to note that surgery may not completely reverse the effects of Chiari malformation, and that long-term follow-up care is often recommended to monitor for any changes in the condition.
Although Chiari malformation is a complex condition, with treatment and lifestyle modifications, it is possible to reverse many of its symptoms and improve quality of life.