Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are two distinct conditions that are caused by different factors and require different treatments.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is typically diagnosed in childhood, though it can develop in adults. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, fatigue, and blurry vision.
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively, resulting in an increased level of glucose in the blood. It is typically diagnosed in adults, but the number of children and adolescents being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is increasing. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of cuts and bruises.
The only way to definitively diagnose either type of diabetes is through a blood test. A fasting plasma glucose test measures the amount of glucose in the blood after the patient has fasted for 8 hours. A random plasma glucose test measures the amount of glucose in the blood at any given time. If the results of these tests indicate a level of glucose that is higher than normal, the doctor may order an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis.
In addition to blood tests, people with type 1 diabetes may also experience symptoms such as sudden weight loss, recurrent infections, and blurry vision. People with type 2 diabetes may experience symptoms such as darkening of the skin, feeling tired, and abdominal pain.
It is important to speak to a doctor if you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, as both types of diabetes can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent serious and long-term complications.
