Albinism is an inherited genetic condition that affects a person's skin, hair, and eye color. It is caused by a lack of melanin, a pigment that gives people their natural skin, hair, and eye color. People who are born with albinism often have very pale skin and light-colored hair. They may also have vision problems, such as nearsightedness or astigmatism.
In order to diagnose albinism, a doctor may request a person’s genetic history or perform a physical examination. If albinism is suspected, a doctor may recommend a genetic test to confirm the diagnosis.
Genetic Testing
The most accurate way to diagnose albinism is through genetic testing. This test requires a sample of the person’s blood or saliva. The sample is then analyzed for mutations in the genes responsible for producing melanin. If mutations are found, it is likely that the person has albinism.
Eye Exam
A doctor may also perform an eye exam to help diagnose albinism. During the exam, the doctor will check for common vision problems associated with albinism such as nearsightedness, astigmatism, and photophobia.
Skin Exam
The doctor may also perform a skin exam to look for signs of albinism. This exam will involve checking the person’s skin for very pale or white patches. The doctor may also look for other physical characteristics associated with albinism, such as a lack of freckles, moles, or other pigmented spots.
Conclusion
In order to diagnose albinism, a doctor may recommend genetic testing, an eye exam, and/or a skin exam. If any of these tests come back positive, it is likely that the person has albinism. It is important to note that albinism is a rare condition, and not everyone who has these symptoms will actually have albinism. If you are concerned that you or someone you know may have albinism, it is important to speak to a doctor for further testing and advice.