Diagnosis of ALS
The diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is made based on a person's medical history, physical examination, and tests. The most important test to confirm a diagnosis of ALS is an electromyogram (EMG), which can detect abnormal electrical activity in muscles. Other tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood tests, may be used to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. A physician may also order genetic testing to look for mutations in genes associated with ALS. Once a diagnosis of ALS is confirmed, a person may be referred to a specialist for additional tests to determine the type of ALS and to develop a treatment plan.
Signs and Symptoms of ALS
The signs and symptoms of ALS vary from person to person, but generally include progressive muscle weakness and wasting, difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Common symptoms include weakness in the arms and legs, clumsiness, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and changes in gait or balance. Other signs and symptoms may include muscle cramps, twitching, and fasciculations (uncontrolled muscle movements).
Treatment of ALS
There is currently no cure for ALS, but treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment typically includes medications to reduce muscle spasms, medications to reduce saliva production, and physical therapy to help with movement. In some cases, a person may also need a feeding tube or tracheostomy.
Living with ALS
Living with ALS can be difficult, but there are resources available to help. People living with ALS can connect with support groups, access financial assistance, and find information about clinical trials. There are also organizations that provide services to help people with ALS live as independently as possible.