The diagnosis of Asperger syndrome is based on a comprehensive assessment which will include a developmental history, a physical examination and laboratory tests. The purpose of the assessment is to identify the presence of any underlying medical or neurological conditions that may be contributing to the individual's symptoms. This assessment should also include an evaluation of the individual's social, communication, cognitive and language development.
Diagnostic Criteria
To make a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, the individual must meet criteria as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This includes having persistent difficulties with social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.
Psychological Testing
Psychological testing can be used to evaluate an individual's cognitive skills, learning abilities, and overall functioning. This type of testing may include intelligence tests, language assessments, and social-emotional assessments.
Neuropsychological Testing
Neuropsychological testing is used to evaluate an individual's brain functioning. This type of testing may include tests of attention, memory, and executive functioning.
Observations and Interviews
Observations and interviews with the individual and family members are also important in the diagnosis process. During these interactions, a clinician can observe the individual's behavior and ask questions to try to better understand the individual's functioning.
Diagnostic Interviews
Diagnostic interviews are also often used to help diagnose Asperger syndrome. These interviews are conducted with the individual and/or family members and cover topics such as the individual's behavior, developmental history, social functioning, and symptoms.
Conclusion
Overall, the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome is based on a comprehensive assessment which involves a number of different components. This assessment should include criteria from the DSM-5, psychological and neuropsychological testing, observations and interviews, and diagnostic interviews. With the help of this assessment, it is possible to identify the presence of Asperger syndrome and provide the individual with the best possible treatment and support.