Vaccines are one of the most powerful tools in modern medicine for preventing disease and saving lives. They work by helping the body's immune system recognize and fight off viruses and bacteria that cause illnesses. Vaccines are made from weakened or killed disease-causing organisms, or their toxins.
How Vaccines Work
When a person receives a vaccine, their body is presented with antigens, which are small pieces of the disease-causing organism. The body’s immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign and begins producing antibodies to fight them off. After the initial exposure, the immune system remembers how to fight the disease, and will recognize it if the person is exposed again in the future.
Types of Vaccines
There are several types of vaccines, which work in different ways. Some vaccines are made from dead or weakened versions of the disease-causing organism. These vaccines help the body recognize the disease and begin producing antibodies to fight it, but don’t cause the person to get sick. Other vaccines are made from a small piece of the disease-causing organism, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies without causing the person to get sick.
Benefits of Vaccines
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. They have been used to eradicate smallpox, and to greatly reduce the incidence of other diseases such as polio, measles, rubella, and hepatitis B. Vaccines are also important for protecting people from diseases that are common in other parts of the world, such as yellow fever and cholera. Vaccines help protect not only the individual, but also the entire community by preventing the spread of disease.