People may first know they have cancer when they experience certain symptoms that are associated with it. Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer, but may include changes in bowel or bladder habits, a lump or area of thickening in the breast or other parts of the body, unusual bleeding or discharge, unexplained weight loss or fatigue, persistent cough or hoarseness, or a change in a mole or skin lesion. It is important to note that many of these symptoms may not be associated with cancer and can be caused by other health conditions, so it is important to see a doctor if any of these symptoms are experienced.
In some cases, cancer may be detected through screening tests that are used to look for cancer in people who have no signs or symptoms of the disease. Examples of these tests include mammograms and Pap tests to detect breast or cervical cancer, colonoscopies to detect colorectal cancer, and PSA tests to detect prostate cancer.
If a doctor suspects that a person may have cancer, they will typically order several tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include x-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, biopsies, and other imaging tests. Depending on the type of cancer and its location, a doctor may also order laboratory tests to look for cancer cells in the blood or other bodily fluids. After all tests have been conducted, the doctor will discuss the results and the diagnosis with the patient.
It is important to note that early detection of cancer can increase the chances of a successful treatment, so it is important for individuals to be aware of any signs or symptoms that may indicate cancer, and be proactive about following up with their doctor if they experience any of them.