Signs and Symptoms of ALS
The most common signs and symptoms of ALS are muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy). The muscles weaken and waste away over time, eventually leading to the inability to move, speak, swallow, and even breathe. Other common symptoms of ALS include:
Twitching and cramping: Uncontrollable twitching and cramping of muscles in the arms, legs, and face.
Loss of balance: Unsteady gait and clumsiness due to a loss of coordination.
Difficulty speaking: Slurred speech or difficulty forming words.
Difficulty swallowing: Difficulty swallowing food and liquids due to weakened throat muscles.
Breathing difficulties: Difficulty breathing due to weakened chest muscles.
Diagnosis of ALS
ALS is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination, a detailed medical history, and a series of tests. Your doctor may order a variety of tests to rule out other potential causes of your symptoms, including blood tests, an electromyogram (EMG), or a nerve conduction study. Your doctor may also order a muscle biopsy or a spinal tap to help diagnose ALS.
Treatment of ALS
Unfortunately, there is no cure for ALS. However, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms of the disease and slow its progression. Treatment typically includes medications to help manage muscle spasms, weakness, and pain, as well as physical and occupational therapy to maintain strength and mobility. Other treatments such as speech therapy, nutritional counseling, and respiratory therapy may also be recommended.