Michael J Fox was diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson's disease in 1991. Since then, he has been an advocate for research and treatment of the condition, and has become a major voice in the fight against Parkinson's disease.
The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is largely unknown, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be responsible. Fox has a genetic mutation in the LRRK2 gene, which is associated with a higher risk of developing Parkinson's. Additionally, environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins and head trauma have been linked to the disease.
Genetic Mutation
Fox's genetic mutation is one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease. This mutation is found in approximately 15-20% of all people with the condition. It is believed that the mutation causes a protein called leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) to become overactive, damaging the nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine.
Environmental Factors
Several environmental factors have been linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. These include exposure to certain toxic chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides, and head trauma. It is unclear whether these factors alone can cause Parkinson's, or if they simply increase the risk for people who are already genetically predisposed to the condition.
Conclusion
The exact cause of Michael J Fox's Parkinson's disease is unknown, but it is likely that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributed to his diagnosis. Fox's genetic mutation in the LRRK2 gene is one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's, and he may have also been exposed to certain environmental toxins or experienced head trauma.