Testicular feminization, also known as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), is a rare genetic disorder that affects around 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 60,000 individuals. It is caused by an abnormal response to androgens (male sex hormones), which results in the development of female characteristics in genetically male individuals.
Individuals with testicular feminization usually have XY chromosomes, meaning they are genetically male. However, their bodies are unable to respond to androgens, so they have female physical characteristics. These include a lack of male genitalia, such as a penis or testicles, and instead they may have female genitalia or a mix of both. They may also experience some degree of breast development and lack of facial and body hair.
While testicular feminization is a rare condition, it has been estimated that about 1 in every 20,000 to 1 in every 60,000 individuals are affected by it. The condition is more common in certain regions, such as the Middle East and North Africa, as well as in certain communities, such as the Mennonites in North America.
Testicular feminization is usually diagnosed in childhood, as it is apparent in the physical characteristics of the individual. It is important to note that individuals with testicular feminization can still lead healthy and fulfilling lives, and there are many resources available to help them manage the condition.