Hemolytic disease is a medical condition that occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. The destruction of red blood cells is known as hemolysis. Hemolytic disease can range from mild to severe. It is most commonly seen in newborns, but it can also be a complication of certain medications, infections, and genetic disorders.
Types of Hemolytic Disease
Hemolytic disease can be categorized into two main types: autoimmune and non-autoimmune. Autoimmune hemolytic disease occurs when an individual’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells. Non-autoimmune hemolytic disease is caused by an external factor such as an infection or medication.
Who Is at Risk for Hemolytic Disease?
Hemolytic disease is most commonly seen in newborns, but it can also be seen in adults. Newborns are at risk for hemolytic disease if the mother and baby have different blood types, if the baby has an infection, or if the baby has an inherited disorder. Adults are at risk if they have an infection, take certain medications, or have an autoimmune disorder.
How Common Is Hemolytic Disease?
Hemolytic disease is not very common, but it can be serious if not treated properly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hemolytic disease affects about 1 in 2,000 newborns in the United States each year. Additionally, some estimates suggest that up to 10% of people with autoimmune disorders may be affected by a form of hemolytic disease.
Treatment for Hemolytic Disease
The treatment for hemolytic disease depends on the type and severity of the condition. For mild cases, treatment may involve lifestyle changes such as avoiding certain medications or infections. For more severe cases, treatment may include blood transfusions or medications to suppress the immune system. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove the affected red blood cells.
