Head and neck cancer is a type of cancer that affects the head and neck area, including the throat, larynx, mouth, nose, and salivary glands. It is a fairly common type of cancer in Europe, with an estimated incidence of about 30,000 new cases per year. According to a report published by the European Cancer Observatory (ECCO), the most common form of head and neck cancer in Europe is squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for over 70% of all cases.
Risk Factors
There are several risk factors associated with head and neck cancer, including smoking and alcohol use. According to the ECCO report, around 70% of cases of head and neck cancer in Europe can be attributed to smoking and alcohol use. Other risk factors include exposure to certain types of chemicals, such as formaldehyde and asbestos, as well as certain types of infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV).
Prevention and Screening
The best way to prevent head and neck cancer is to avoid the risk factors. This means quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. It is also important to be aware of any changes in the head and neck area, such as sores that do not heal or lumps in the mouth or throat, and to seek medical advice if any of these changes occur.
Screening for head and neck cancer is not routinely performed in Europe, but in some countries there are screening programs for certain high-risk groups, such as smokers and heavy drinkers. There is also a test available to detect HPV infection, which can increase the risk of head and neck cancer.
Treatment
The treatment of head and neck cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer. Surgery is the most common treatment, but radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used.
In conclusion, head and neck cancer is a relatively common type of cancer in Europe, with an estimated incidence of around 30,000 new cases per year. There are several risk factors associated with the condition, including smoking and alcohol use, and it is important to be aware of any changes in the head and neck area. While screening for head and neck cancer is not routinely performed in Europe, there are screening programs for certain high-risk groups, as well as a test for HPV infection. The treatment of head and neck cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, and can involve surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.