Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability that is becoming increasingly common in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 54 children in the U.S. is diagnosed with ASD. ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting development in the areas of social interaction and communication skills.
Prevalence of Autism
The prevalence of autism has been increasing significantly over the past two decades. In 2000, the CDC estimated that 1 out of every 150 children had autism. By 2012, the CDC estimated that 1 out of every 88 children had autism. By 2018, the CDC estimated that 1 out of every 59 children had autism.
Risk Factors for Autism
There is no single cause of autism, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may predispose a person to developing the disorder. Some risk factors for autism include advanced parental age, genetic predisposition, and certain medical conditions.
Signs and Symptoms of Autism
The signs and symptoms of autism vary depending on the individual. Common signs and symptoms of autism include difficulty with social interaction, difficulty with communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and sensitivity to sensory input.
Diagnosis of Autism
The diagnosis of autism is based on a comprehensive evaluation of the individual. The evaluation includes an assessment of the individual's behavior, communication, and development. Typically, the evaluation is conducted by a multidisciplinary team that includes a psychologist, speech-language pathologist, and other professionals.
Treatment of Autism
There is no single treatment for autism, but there are a variety of interventions that can be used to reduce the symptoms and improve the individual's functioning. Common treatments for autism include behavioral interventions, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and medication.