Acute leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood cells in the body, specifically white blood cells. It is the most common type of cancer among children, accounting for nearly one-third of all childhood cancers.
Overview of Acute Leukemia in Children
Acute leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in children, accounting for approximately 30 percent of all pediatric cancers. It is a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow, which can spread to other parts of the body.
Acute leukemia is divided into two main types: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ALL is the most common type of leukemia in children, accounting for about 80 percent of cases. AML is less common, accounting for about 20 percent of cases.
Risk Factors for Acute Leukemia in Children
The cause of acute leukemia in children is not well-understood, but there are several risk factors that may increase a child’s risk. These include:
• Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome or certain inherited blood disorders
• Exposure to radiation, such as medical radiation treatments or exposure to nuclear power plant accidents
• Chemicals, such as benzene or other industrial chemicals
• Viral infections, such as the Epstein-Barr virus
Symptoms of Acute Leukemia in Children
The symptoms of acute leukemia in children can vary, but some common symptoms include:
• Pale skin
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Fever
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Loss of appetite
• Pain in the bones or joints
• Swollen lymph nodes
Diagnosing Acute Leukemia in Children
If your child is displaying any of the symptoms of acute leukemia, your doctor may order tests to make a diagnosis. These tests may include:
• Blood tests to look for abnormal cells in the blood
• Bone marrow tests to look for abnormal cells in the bone marrow
• Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans
Treatment of Acute Leukemia in Children
The treatment of acute leukemia in children depends on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the child’s overall health. Treatment typically includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants.
Outlook for Acute Leukemia in Children
The outlook for acute leukemia in children is generally positive. With treatment, the majority of children with acute leukemia can achieve remission and live long, healthy lives.