Acute Leukemia in Children
Overview
Acute leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the production and functioning of white blood cells. It is most commonly seen in children, and is the most common type of cancer in children under the age of 15. It is a rapidly progressing disease that requires aggressive treatment.
Incidence and Prevalence
The incidence of acute leukemia in children is estimated to be about 5-10 cases per 100,000 children per year. Most cases of acute leukemia are diagnosed in children between the ages of two and five years old. The most common type of acute leukemia in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which accounts for about 75% of cases.
Risk Factors
The cause of acute leukemia in children is not known, but there are certain factors that may increase the risk. These include radiation exposure, certain genetic disorders, and certain infections. Children with Down Syndrome have an increased risk of developing acute leukemia.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of acute leukemia in children can vary, but may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia, easy bruising, bone and joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of acute leukemia in children typically involves a physical exam, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment usually involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplant.
Prognosis
The prognosis for children with acute leukemia is generally favorable, with more than 80% of children achieving remission after treatment. The long-term outlook depends on a variety of factors, including the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the child’s response to treatment.