Anemia is a condition in which a person has a lower than normal level of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body's tissues. There are several different types of anemia, and each type has its own set of symptoms and causes. Knowing the differences between the different types of anemia can help you get the right diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Anemia
The most common types of anemia are iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and aplastic anemia.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: This type of anemia occurs when your body doesn't have enough iron to make enough hemoglobin for your red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is often caused by a lack of iron in the diet, heavy menstrual bleeding, or other blood loss. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and brittle nails.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia: This type of anemia occurs when your body does not get enough vitamin B12, which is a nutrient found in animal products like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is often caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or an inability to absorb the vitamin from food. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia include fatigue, pale skin, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.
Aplastic Anemia: This type of anemia occurs when your bone marrow stops producing enough new red blood cells. Aplastic anemia is often caused by certain medications or exposure to certain toxins. Symptoms of aplastic anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin.
Diagnosis
Your doctor can diagnose anemia by performing a physical exam and ordering a blood test. The blood test will measure your hemoglobin levels and check for other indicators of anemia, such as red blood cell size and shape. Your doctor may also order additional tests to determine the cause of the anemia.
Treatment
Treatment for anemia depends on the type and cause. Iron deficiency anemia is often treated with iron supplements. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is usually treated with vitamin B12 injections. Aplastic anemia is usually treated with medications or a bone marrow transplant.