Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of chronic, inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It is a type of spondyloarthritis, a family of related disorders that also includes psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Although there is no single test to diagnose AS, a healthcare provider can identify the signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of this condition.
The most common symptom of AS is back pain that tends to be worse in the morning and improves with movement. This type of pain is usually accompanied by stiffness and is worse after periods of inactivity. Other signs and symptoms of AS may include fatigue, eye inflammation (uveitis), and tenderness and swelling in the joints of the arms and legs.
In addition to a physical examination, diagnostic tests may be used to help identify AS. These tests may include X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood tests. X-rays may reveal changes in the vertebrae such as erosion, fusion, or narrowing of the space between the vertebrae. An MRI can help detect inflammation in the spine and other areas of the body. Blood tests can help to rule out other conditions and may detect markers of inflammation.
The diagnosis of AS is based on the patient’s signs and symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and results of tests. A healthcare provider may refer a patient to a specialist, such as a rheumatologist, for further evaluation and treatment.
In summary, the primary symptom of ankylosing spondylitis is back pain that tends to be worse in the morning and improves with movement. Other signs and symptoms may include fatigue, eye inflammation, and tenderness and swelling in the joints. Diagnostic tests may include X-rays, MRI, and blood tests. A healthcare provider may refer a patient to a specialist, such as a rheumatologist, for further evaluation and treatment.