What are Allergies?
Allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to certain substances, such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and certain foods. Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms, including sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, and skin rash. Allergies can be seasonal or year-round, and some people may be allergic to more than one thing.
Diagnosing Allergies
If you suspect you may have an allergy, the best way to confirm it is to see an allergist. An allergist will take a thorough health history and may perform skin tests or blood tests to determine which substances you are allergic to.
Skin Testing
Skin testing is the most common way to diagnose allergies. In this test, a tiny amount of the allergen is applied to the skin, usually on the arm or back. If the skin becomes red, raised, and itchy, it is an indication of an allergic reaction.
Blood Testing
Blood tests are also used to diagnose allergies. These tests measure the amount of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the blood. If the level of IgE is high, it could suggest that an allergy is present.
Managing Allergies
Once you know which substances you are allergic to, it's important to avoid contact with them as much as possible. Your allergist may also prescribe medications to reduce symptoms. In some cases, allergies can even be treated with immunotherapy, a type of treatment that helps to desensitize the body to the allergen.