Assessing Falls Risk
One of the most important steps in preventing a patient from falling is assessing the patient's risk of falling. A nurse can assess the patient's risk of falling by taking into account the patient's medical history, current medications, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and environmental factors, such as the presence of slippery surfaces or inadequate lighting.
Creating an Individualized Plan
Once the patient's risk of falling has been assessed, the nurse should create an individualized plan to reduce the risk of falling. This plan should include strategies for improving the patient's physical and cognitive abilities, such as physical therapy or cognitive rehabilitation, as well as environmental strategies, such as installing grab bars in the bathroom or hallway.
Monitoring and Reassessing
The nurse should also regularly monitor and reassess the patient's risk of falling. This includes observing the patient during daily activities, such as walking, and assessing their ability to safely perform tasks independently. The nurse should also assess the patient's home environment, ensuring that the patient has safe and secure access to everyday items, such as the bathroom or kitchen.
Educating Patients and Family
The nurse should also educate the patient and their family about the risks of falling and strategies for prevention. This includes providing information about how to safely move around the home, the importance of using assistive devices, such as canes or walkers, and the importance of exercising regularly to maintain strength and balance.
Medication Management
Finally, the nurse should ensure that the patient is taking their medications correctly and that any potential side effects are monitored. Certain medications, such as sedatives or muscle relaxants, can increase the risk of falling, so it is important for the nurse to be aware of any medications the patient is taking and the potential side effects.
