Anthrax is a rare but serious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is most commonly found in animals, but humans can also be infected. The infection is spread when an infected animal or person comes into contact with the spores of the bacteria, which can be found in soil, animal products, or on the skin of infected animals.
Human infection with anthrax is most often caused by contact with infected animals or animal products, such as wool, hides, or meat. It can also be caused by inhaling the spores of the bacteria, which can happen if a person is exposed to a contaminated area. In rare instances, anthrax can be contracted from drug use or contaminated food or water.
The most common form of anthrax in humans is cutaneous anthrax, which is an infection of the skin. Symptoms of cutaneous anthrax include redness, swelling, itching, pain, and the development of a black lesion on the skin. If left untreated, the infection can spread to the lymph nodes and other parts of the body.
Inhalation anthrax is the most serious form of the infection in humans. It occurs when someone inhales the spores of the bacteria, which can happen if they are exposed to a contaminated area. Symptoms of inhalation anthrax include fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. If left untreated, the infection can be fatal.
The best way to prevent anthrax is to avoid contact with animals or animal products that may be infected, as well as to avoid contact with contaminated areas. Vaccines are also available for people who are at high risk of exposure to anthrax, such as healthcare workers or those who handle animal products. If you suspect that you have been exposed to anthrax, it is important to seek medical attention right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent serious complications.