Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a genetic condition that affects a person's sexual development. People with AIS do not produce enough testosterone, the male hormone, and may appear to be female even though they have male chromosomes. The answer to the question, "Do people with AIS have testosterone?" is yes, but in very low levels.
Types of AIS
AIS is classified into three types, based on the amount of testosterone produced by the body: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS).
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is the most severe form of AIS. People with CAIS have a complete inability to produce testosterone, and their bodies do not respond to the hormone. As a result, they are born with female external genitalia and are raised as girls.
Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (PAIS) is less severe than CAIS and is characterized by the partial inability to produce testosterone. People with PAIS may have male or female external genitalia and are usually raised as boys.
Mild Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (MAIS) is the mildest form of AIS, and people with MAIS are able to produce some testosterone. They may have male external genitalia, but they are usually raised as girls.
Testosterone Levels in AIS
The amount of testosterone produced by the body depends on the type of AIS. People with CAIS and PAIS have extremely low levels of testosterone, while people with MAIS may have normal or slightly elevated testosterone levels.
Effects of Testosterone in AIS
Testosterone is important for the development of male sex characteristics, such as body hair, muscle mass, and a deep voice. People with AIS may not experience these changes, even with normal or slightly elevated testosterone levels. However, some may experience changes in mood or behavior due to the hormonal changes.