Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory condition of the spinal cord that can lead to varying degrees of paralysis, sensory loss, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. Depending on the severity of the condition, recovery can take months or even years. With proper care and support, many people with transverse myelitis are able to make a full recovery.
What Is Transverse Myelitis?
Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory condition of the spinal cord that affects both the white matter and gray matter of the spinal cord. It is caused by an abnormal immune response that results in inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective coating of nerve fibers that helps nerve signals travel quickly between the brain and the body. This damage can disrupt communication between the brain and the body, resulting in varying degrees of paralysis, sensory loss, and bladder/bowel dysfunction.
What Causes Transverse Myelitis?
The exact cause of transverse myelitis is not known, but it is thought to be the result of an abnormal immune response. It has been associated with infections such as Lyme disease, herpes, measles, mumps, chicken pox, and West Nile virus; autoimmune conditions such as lupus and multiple sclerosis; and other conditions such as diabetes, sarcoidosis, and HIV/AIDS. In some cases, the cause is unknown.
What Are the Symptoms of Transverse Myelitis?
Symptoms of transverse myelitis can vary from person to person, but may include pain, weakness, numbness, paralysis, loss of bladder or bowel control, loss of sensation, and abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, or electric-shock-like sensations.
How Is Transverse Myelitis Treated?
Treatment for transverse myelitis is focused on reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. Treatment may include medications such as steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories; physical therapy; and other supportive treatments such as bladder/bowel management, nutritional support, and psychological/emotional support.
Can You Recover from Transverse Myelitis?
Recovery from transverse myelitis can vary from person to person, and depends on the severity of the condition. Some people may experience a full recovery, while others may have permanent disabilities. With proper care and support, many people with transverse myelitis are able to make a full or partial recovery.