Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a premalignant skin condition caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It is characterized by the appearance of scaly, thickened patches of skin which can be itchy, red, and/or painful. Although AK is not cancerous, it can progress to a form of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.
Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis
The most common symptom of actinic keratosis is a scaly, thickened patch of skin which may appear as a rough, scaly lesion. These patches are usually dry and can be itchy, red, and/or painful. They usually range in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. AK lesions can occur on any area of skin exposed to the sun, such as the face, scalp, ears, back of the hands, chest, and arms.
Risk Factors for Actinic Keratosis
The most important risk factor for actinic keratosis is long-term exposure to UV radiation from the sun. Other risk factors include:
• Fair skin
• A history of sunburns
• A history of excessive sun exposure
• A history of indoor tanning
• A weak immune system
• A history of certain skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis
• Certain medications that can increase sensitivity to the sun
Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis
Actinic keratosis is diagnosed by a doctor based on a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. A biopsy may be performed to rule out any underlying skin cancer.
Treatment of actinic keratosis is typically aimed at preventing progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Common treatments include cryotherapy (freezing), topical medications, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and surgical removal.
Can You Live with Actinic Keratosis?
Actinic keratosis is not cancerous, and most people can live with it without any problems. However, it is important to monitor the condition and take steps to prevent it from progressing to skin cancer. This includes wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, avoiding prolonged sun exposure, and seeing a doctor for regular skin exams.