Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic, progressive liver disorder caused by an abnormal immune response. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to inflammation and damage of the organ. Although it can be diagnosed at any age, it is most common in young and middle-aged women. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is not known, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
The symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis can vary from person to person and may include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, dark urine, and joint pain. In some cases, there may be no symptoms for years, and the condition may only be discovered during a routine physical exam.
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is typically diagnosed with a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and a liver biopsy. Blood tests are used to measure the levels of specific antibodies and liver enzymes. Imaging studies may include an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to look for signs of inflammation or scarring. A liver biopsy may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis typically involves medication to control inflammation and suppress the immune system. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are often used to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. Other medications, such as azathioprine, may also be prescribed to suppress the immune system. In some cases, a liver transplant may be necessary if the damage is severe.
In conclusion, autoimmune hepatitis can be present for many years without symptoms and is often only discovered during routine physical exams. Diagnosis of the condition is made through a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and a liver biopsy. Treatment typically involves medications to control inflammation and suppress the immune system, and in some cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.