Albinism is a rare genetic condition that affects the pigment of the eyes, skin, and hair. People with albinism typically have a white or pale complexion, white or pale hair, and light-colored eyes. While albinism is a genetic disorder, it is possible for two parents with white skin to have a child with albinism.
What Causes Albinism?
Albinism is caused by a change in a gene that affects the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of the skin, eyes, and hair. This gene change can occur spontaneously at conception, or it can be inherited from one or both parents who carry the gene. It is possible for two parents with white skin to carry the gene for albinism, and thus, have a child with albinism.
What Are the Different Types of Albinism?
There are several types of albinism, each with its own set of symptoms. The most common type is called Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA), which affects the eyes, skin, and hair. Other types of albinism, such as Ocular Albinism (OA), involve only the eyes, while Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) affects the eyes, skin, and other organs.
Are People with Albinism at Risk for Other Health Problems?
People with albinism are at an increased risk for certain eye problems, such as nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) and photophobia (sensitivity to light). They may also be at risk for skin cancer, due to their lack of melanin in the skin.
Can Albinism Be Treated?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for albinism. However, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms. Treatment plans vary depending on the type of albinism, but can include the use of corrective lenses, protective eyewear, and sunscreen.