AVMs (Arteriovenous Malformations) are complex vascular malformations that can occur anywhere in the body and can affect any organ system. They are composed of a tangled network of arteries and veins that are connected in an abnormal way. AVMs can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing later in life).
The treatment of AVMs depends on the size, location, and symptoms of the malformation. In some cases, they can be left untreated if they are not causing any symptoms. In other cases, however, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications from occurring.
The primary goal of treatment for AVMs is to reduce the size of the malformation and reduce the risk of bleeding or other complications. Depending on the size and location of the malformation, treatment may include medications, embolization, or surgery.
In some cases, AVMs can shrink on their own over time. This is more likely to occur in smaller, superficial AVMs that are located in skin or subcutaneous tissue. In these cases, the vessel walls may become thickened or fibrotic, which can reduce the size of the malformation.
In other cases, AVMs may require treatment to reduce their size. Embolization is a procedure in which a clotting agent is injected into the AVM to block blood flow to the area. This can reduce the size of the malformation and reduce the risk of bleeding or other complications.
Surgery is another option for reducing the size of an AVM. During surgery, the surgeon will attempt to remove as much of the malformation as possible. This can be a complex procedure, depending on the size and location of the AVM, and carries certain risks.
In summary, AVMs can shrink on their own in some cases, but in other cases, treatment may be necessary to reduce the size of the malformation. Embolization and surgery are two possible treatments that can reduce the size of an AVM. However, these treatments carry certain risks and should be discussed with a doctor before proceeding.