Perianal abscesses are common and can affect people of all ages. They occur when a pocket of infected fluid and pus forms in the tissue around the anus. Symptoms of a perianal abscess include pain, swelling, redness, and drainage of pus. Treatment usually involves draining the abscess and antibiotics.
What Causes a Perianal Abscess?
A perianal abscess is usually caused by an infection that begins in the anal glands. These glands are located on either side of the anal opening and secrete a fluid that helps to lubricate the area during a bowel movement. When the glands become blocked or infected, the fluid backs up, resulting in an abscess.
Who Is at Risk for a Perianal Abscess?
Anyone can develop a perianal abscess, but certain factors can increase the risk. These include obesity, diabetes, immune deficiencies, and a history of anal or rectal surgery. People with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis also have an increased risk of developing a perianal abscess.
Symptoms of a Perianal Abscess
The most common symptom of a perianal abscess is pain and tenderness in the area around the anus. Other symptoms may include swelling, redness, and drainage of pus or blood. The area may also be warm to the touch.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Perianal Abscess
A doctor will usually diagnose a perianal abscess by performing a physical exam and asking questions about the patient’s medical history. Imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan may also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually involves draining the abscess and antibiotics to treat the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the abscess.
Preventing a Perianal Abscess
The best way to prevent a perianal abscess is to practice good hygiene and keep the anal area clean. People with a weakened immune system, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel disease should also take extra precautions to prevent infection. If you experience any symptoms of a perianal abscess, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early treatment can help to reduce the risk of complications.