ADHD vs. Autism: Diagnosis and Symptoms
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two distinct conditions that may have similar symptoms and overlapping diagnostic criteria. It can be difficult to differentiate between the two, especially in children. It is important to understand the differences in order to ensure that the correct diagnosis and treatment plan are put in place.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulty focusing, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Symptoms of ADHD typically include an inability to focus, disorganization, and restlessness. People with ADHD may also have difficulty controlling their emotions, be easily distracted, and have difficulty following directions or completing tasks.
Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the way a person interacts with the world. People with autism can have difficulty with social communication, have impaired social skills, have difficulty understanding social cues, and tend to struggle with change or transitions. People with autism may also have difficulty following directions, have poor executive functioning skills, and have repetitive behaviors.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of ADHD or autism can be made by a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, after a comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation typically includes a physical exam, psychological testing, and a review of the individual's medical history. Depending on the age of the individual, the evaluation may also include an assessment of the individual's behavior and development.
Treatment
Treatment for both ADHD and autism typically includes a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications. Behavioral therapy is often used to help individuals learn to manage symptoms and develop skills that may be lacking. Medications may be used to help manage symptoms, such as impulsivity or hyperactivity. Lifestyle modifications, such as developing a daily routine and avoiding distractions, can also be helpful.