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Ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria, is a rare genetic disorder that causes the body to produce too much of a certain chemical called homogentisic acid. This results in a build-up of the acid in the body, which can lead to symptoms such as discolored urine and arthritis. Ochronosis is caused...

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic condition in which your body's immune system attacks your liver cells for unknown reasons. Symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis include abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice, joint pain, and other symptoms. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of...

The mechanism of action of the COVID-19 vaccine is still being studied. However, some vaccines, such as the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, use a technology called mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) to help the body recognize and fight the virus. The mRNA in the vaccine contains instructions for the...

Incidence of Asbestosis Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused when a person inhales airborne asbestos fibers. When these fibers are inhaled, they can become lodged in the lungs, where they irritate and damage the delicate tissue. Asbestosis can lead to serious complications, including...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are two types of abnormal heart rhythm that originate in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart. AF is an irregular heartbeat characterized by chaotic electrical activity while AFL is a regular but abnormally fast heartbeat. While similar in...

Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine that focuses on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. It is primarily used to treat back pain, neck pain, and headaches. Chiropractic techniques vary depending on the individual needs of the patient and the severity of...

Subtitle: Vegetables to Avoid Eating healthily is essential for a balanced diet and good overall health. While most vegetables are healthy and nutritious, there are some that you should avoid if you want to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The number one vegetable to avoid is the potato. Potatoes...

Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, that affects the upper chambers of the heart (the atria). It is one of the most common types of heart arrhythmia, and is caused by abnormal electrical signals in the atria. While the exact cause of atrial fibrillation is not...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory arthritis that affects the spine and other joints throughout the body. The latest treatments for ankylosing spondylitis focus on reducing inflammation and pain, improving mobility, and preventing deformity and disability. Medication for...

Introduction The role of family in prevention and control of diseases is important and has been recognized by health professionals, researchers, and policy makers. Families are the primary source of support for individuals and communities in terms of physical and mental health, and are...

Appendicitis is a painful condition that can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Pain is usually the first symptom and can range from mild to severe. It is important to understand the pain scale for appendicitis so that you can recognize the symptoms and seek...

COPD: Subtitle Forum COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a type of lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. It is caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. Symptoms of COPD include a cough, shortness of...

Still's Disease is a rare form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis characterized by high spiking fevers, rash, and arthritis. Diagnosing Still's Disease in children can be difficult, as the symptoms can be similar to other illnesses. Criteria for Diagnosing Still's Disease in Children In order...

Some examples of atypical bacteria include: Mycoplasma Mycoplasma are a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall, which makes them resistant to antibiotics. Common species of mycoplasma include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia, and Mycoplasma genitalium, which can cause urinary...

The most popular method of using tobacco is smoking cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes is the most widely used way of consuming tobacco. It is estimated that around 1.3 billion people smoke cigarettes worldwide, making it the most common form of tobacco use. Cigarettes contain many harmful...

The first step of necrosis is cell death. Cell death can be caused by a variety of factors, including physical injury, infection, inflammation, and exposure to toxins. Necrosis occurs when cells die in an uncontrolled manner, leading to the formation of dead tissue. This can cause cell death in...

What is Post-Polio Syndrome? Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects people who have had polio at some point in their life. It is characterized by a gradual weakening of muscles that were previously affected by polio virus and can cause new muscle weakness, fatigue, and joint and...

Pain control psychology is a form of psychotherapy that seeks to reduce a person's suffering by managing their response to pain. It combines traditional psychological techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, with more holistic approaches, such as meditation and mindfulness. Pain control...

The first line treatment for frozen shoulder typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes. Physical therapy is the most important part of the treatment plan as it helps to reduce inflammation, increase range of motion, and improve strength. Medications...

The next step after an ASCUS Pap is typically an HPV test. If the HPV test results are positive, then a colposcopy may be recommended. A colposcopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to look at the cervix more closely, and can help to determine if there are any abnormal cells present. If any...