Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the stomach. Suspicion of stomach cancer usually begins with a physical exam, during which the doctor may feel the abdomen for any abnormalities. In addition, the doctor may also order a variety of tests to confirm a diagnosis of stomach cancer.
The most common test used to diagnose stomach cancer is an endoscopy. During an endoscopy, a thin flexible tube is inserted into the stomach, allowing the doctor to view the inside of the stomach. This procedure also allows the doctor to take small samples of tissue, which can then be examined for any signs of cancer. In some cases, the doctor may also recommend an X-ray or CT scan of the abdomen to look for any tumors or other abnormalities.
Blood tests may also be used to look for signs of stomach cancer. These tests can detect the presence of certain proteins or enzymes that are only produced by cancerous cells. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to take a sample of the suspicious tissue so it can be examined under a microscope for any signs of cancer.
If any of these tests indicate the presence of stomach cancer, the doctor may recommend additional tests to determine the extent and stage of the cancer. This may include imaging scans such as a CT scan or MRI, or a PET scan to examine the spread of the cancer. Once the extent of the cancer is determined, the doctor can then recommend the best course of treatment.